OpenQASM Live Specification

• Introduction
  • Design Goals
  • Scope
  • Implementation Details
  • Contributors
• Language
  • Comments
  • Version string
  • Included files
  • Types and Casting
    • Identifiers
    • Variables
    • Quantum types
    • Classical scalar types
    • Compile-time constants
    • Literals
    • Arrays
    • Types related to timing
    • Aliasing
    • Index sets and slicing
    • Register concatenation and slicing
    • Classical value bit slicing
    • Array concatenation and slicing
    • Casting specifics
  • Gates
    • Applying gates
    • Defining gates
    • Relation of the built-in gates to hardware-native gates
  • Built-in quantum instructions
    • Initialization
    • Measurement
  • Classical instructions
    • Low-level classical instructions
    • Looping and branching
    • The Switch statement
    • Extern function calls
  • Subroutines
    • Arrays in subroutines
  • Scoping of variables
    • Global scope
    • Subroutine and gate scope
    • Block scope
  • Directives
    • Pragmas
    • Annotations
  • Input/output
  • Standard library
    • Versioning
    • Notes for implementations
    • API Documentation
  • Circuit timing
    • Duration and stretch types
    • Operations on durations
    • Delays (and other duration-based instructions)
    • Boxed expressions
    • Barrier instruction
  • Pulse-level descriptions of gates and measurement
    • Inline calibration blocks
    • Restrictions on defcal bodies
    • Calibrations in practice
  • OpenPulse Grammar
    • Ports
    • Frames
    • Waveforms
    • Play instruction
    • Capture Instruction
    • Timing
    • Examples
• OpenQasm 3.0 Grammar
• Release Notes
  • spec/v3.1.0-14
    • New Features
    • Upgrade Notes
    • Bug Fixes
• GitHub

Bibliography

[Exp]

An experimental microarchitecture for a superconducting quantum processor | Proceedings of the 50th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3123939.3123952.

[Qui21]

Quil-lang/quil. quil-lang, June 2021.

[DiC21]

DiCarloLab-Delft/PycQED_py3. DiCarlo Lab, May 2021.

[AKE+20]

Thomas Alexander, Naoki Kanazawa, Daniel J. Egger, Lauren Capelluto, Christopher J. Wood, Ali Javadi-Abhari, and David C. McKay. Qiskit pulse: programming quantum computers through the cloud with pulses. Quantum Science and Technology, 5(4):044006, August 2020. doi:10.1088/2058-9565/aba404.

[BBC+95]

A. Barenco, C. Bennett, R. Cleve, D. DiVincenzo, N. Margolus, P. Shor, T. Sleator, J. Smolin, and H. Weinfurter. Elementary gates for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. A, 1995.

[con22]

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[KB84]

Donald Ervin Knuth and Duane Bibby. The texbook. Volume 3. Addison-Wesley Reading, 1984.

[MaTAB+18]

D.C. Mckay, and T. Alexander, L. Bello, M.J. Biercuk, L. Bishop, J. Chen, J.M. Chow, D.C. Antonio, D. Egger, S. Filipp, J. Gomez, M. Hush, A. Javadi-Abhari, D. Moreda, P. Nation, B. Paulovicks, E. Winston, C.J. Wood, J. Wootton, and J.M. Gambetta. Qiskit backend specifications for openqasm and openpulse experiments. Arxiv, 2018. arXiv:1809.03452v1.

[NM20]

Thien Nguyen and Alexander McCaskey. Enabling Pulse-level Programming, Compilation, and Execution in XACC. arXiv:2003.11971 [physics, physics:quant-ph], March 2020. arXiv:2003.11971.

[PMS+14]

Alberto Peruzzo, Jarrod McClean, Peter Shadbolt, Man-Hong Yung, Xiao-Qi Zhou, Peter J. Love, Alán Aspuru-Guzik, and Jeremy L. O’Brien. A variational eigenvalue solver on a photonic quantum processor. Nature Communications, Jul 2014. URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5213, doi:10.1038/ncomms5213.

[Wil89]

M. V. Wilkes. The best way to design an automatic calculating machine. In The Early British Computer Conferences, pages 182–184. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, May 1989.